Mood

In Arcadia, we have two hypermoods, the main and the subordinate. The main moods are the moods that only have an inflectional form, but the subordinate moods have a periphrastic form as well. The inflectional forms are created by adding a suffix after the tense suffix.

Hypermoods

Arcadia has two hypermoods: the main and the subordinate. Their role is to express whether the verb is being used as the main verb or in a subordinate clause. The subordinate hypermood is characterised by changing unvoicing of the final consonant of the mood suffix.

Moods

All moods, apart from the indicative and the conditional, have both an inflectional and a periphrastic form. The periphrastic forms are created by using auxiliary verbs, and they are used for mood stacking.

Indicative mood

The indicative mood is used to express facts, and it's using the consonant "v" ("f" as a subordinate).

Conditional mood

The conditional mood is used to express hypothetical situations, and it's using the consonant "g" ("k" as a subordinate). If the hypothesis is a counterfactual, the consonant changes to "gh" ("kh" as a subordinate).

Imperative mood

Imperative mood is used to express commands, and it's using the consonants "d" ("t" as a subordinate).

Obligative Mood

The obligative mood expresses necessity or obligation, and it's using the consonant "dh" ("th" as a subordinate). It's also used to express duty, destiny, or social obligation. Duty and social obligation use the veritas tense, and destiny uses the future.

Negating a verb in the obligative mood means that you don't have the obligation, rather than meaning you must not perform the action.

Permissive Mood

The permissive mood expresses the action of the verb is permitted, and it's using the consonant "zh" ("sh" as a subordinate).

Potential Mood

The potential mood expresses the ability or possibility to do something, and it's using the consonant "z" ("s" as a subordinate).

Optative Mood

The optative mood expresses wishes, desires, or hopes, and it's using the consonant "b" ("p" as a subordinate).

Dubitative mood

The dubitative mood expresses doubt or scepticism about the action, and it's using the consonant "dx" ("tx" as a subordinate).

Evidential mood

Evidential expresses different levels of evidence about the action. The following consonants are used (notice that only the both consonant change):

• zd (st): for direct evidence, eg when the speaker has seen the action
• zv (sf): for hearsay
• zb (sp): for inference

Examples

1. legavi ta libron.

   • translation: You are reading the book.

2. legadi ta libron.

   • translation: Read the book!

3. legadhi ta libron.

   • translation: You must read the book.

4. legazhi ta libron.

   • translation: You may read the book.

5. legazi ta libron.

   • translation: You can read the book.

6. legaghi ta libron.

   • translation: May you read the book.

7. legabi ta libron.

   • translation: I don't believe that you're reading the book.

8. legazdi ta libron.

   • translation: You are reading the book.
   • explanation: I have direct evidence about it.

9. legazvi ta libron.

   • translation: You are reading the book.
   • explanation: Someone told me about it.

10. legazbi ta libron.

    • translation: You are reading the book.
    • explanation: I inferred that you're doing so, from your other actions.

11. mortudhur vihomeris.

    • translation: All men must die. (valar morghulis)

12. servudhur vihomeris.

    • translation: All men must serve. (valar dohaeris)