Verbs

Focus shift

In Arcadia the base form of a verb has the default focus.

• Experience verbs have experiencer focus
• Action verbs have actor focus

There is neither a "take" nor a "buy" verb. The focus shift allows creating such verbs.

• Patient Focus: "re-" prefix

• Receiver Focus: "ob-" prefix

• potavo ye akvon.

  • translation: I'm drinking water.

• repotave ye akvis mer.

  • translation: Water is being drunk by me.

• donavo la libron veil.

  • translation: I am giving the book to you.

• redonave la libris mer veil.

  • translation: The book is being given from me to you.

• obdonavis la libron mer.

  • translation: You are receiving a book from me.

Reflexivity

Base verbs are also never reflexive or reciprocal. A prefix changes the verb in a reflexive or a reciprocal form.

• reflexive: "aut-" prefix

• reciprocal: "con-" prefix

• autamoraves adamo i maria.

  • translation: Adam and Maria love themselves.

• conamoraves adamo i maria.

  • translation: Adam and Maria love each other.

An important case is the generation of verbs like "to trade", from "to sell".

Senses

Base sense verbs are used when the subject has the ability to perform the action. Arcadia can generate verbs via prefix that are used when the subject active uses their sense. This is analogous to "to see" -> "to watch".

Arcadia also allows creating intrasitive verbs for senses. This is analogous to "to hear" -> "to sound".

• voluntary action: "vol-" prefix

• intrasitive: "per-" prefix

• vidavo ye pescis.

  • translation: I see a fish.

• volaudavo ye canto.

  • translation: I am listening to a song.

• perolfave la uovos malie.

  • translation: The egg smells bad.